21 Elegant Engagement Hairstyles for Women That Steal the Spotlight

An engagement is a momentous occasion, a celebration of love and the promise of a beautiful future together. As a bride to be, you will want to look and feel your absolute best during engagement photos, parties, and special events. Your hairstyle plays an important role in completing your overall look, whether you prefer curly hairstyles for work professional settings, polished medium hairstyles for work, stylish short hairstyles, or elegant long hairstyles. The right hairstyle reflects your personal style while enhancing your natural beauty. With so many options available, from classic updos to romantic waves and detailed braids, choosing the perfect look can feel overwhelming. This curated list provides inspiration for different hair types, lengths, and styling preferences, helping you find a hairstyle that complements your engagement glow. Whether your style is timeless or modern, the perfect engagement hairstyle will make you feel confident, radiant, and ready to enjoy this special moment in your life.

1. The Classic Chignon: Timeless Elegance

The chignon, a sophisticated and timeless updo, is a perfect choice for the bride-to-be seeking a refined and elegant look for her engagement festivities. This versatile hairstyle can be adapted to suit various hair types and lengths, making it a universally flattering option. A low chignon, nestled at the nape of the neck, exudes understated glamour and pairs beautifully with both classic and modern dress styles. For a more relaxed and romantic feel, opt for a slightly undone chignon with loose strands framing the face. Adding delicate hair accessories, such as pearl pins or a jeweled comb, can elevate the chignon and add a touch of sparkle. The chignon's simplicity allows your natural beauty to shine through, making it an excellent choice for engagement photos. Its versatility also means it can be dressed up or down, suitable for both formal parties and casual gatherings. Consider a side-swept chignon for a touch of asymmetry and visual interest. Remember to use hairspray to keep the chignon in place throughout the day or evening, ensuring a polished and flawless look. A well-executed chignon is a testament to timeless beauty, making it a perfect choice for celebrating your engagement. Feel free to experiment with different textures and placements to find the chignon that best complements your features and style. This hairstyle offers a blend of sophistication and ease, allowing you to feel confident and radiant as you embark on this exciting chapter of your life.

2. Romantic Waves: Effortless Beauty

Romantic waves are an excellent choice for the bride-to-be who desires an effortlessly beautiful and feminine look for her engagement celebrations. This hairstyle exudes a soft and dreamy aesthetic, perfectly capturing the joy and romance of this special time. Whether you have long, flowing locks or a shorter, more manageable length, waves can add volume, texture, and movement to your hair. For a classic romantic wave, use a curling iron or wand to create loose, cascading curls that frame your face. You can also achieve a similar effect with hot rollers or by braiding your hair overnight and releasing it in the morning. To add a touch of glamour, consider incorporating a deep side part and sweeping your waves to one side. For a more relaxed and bohemian vibe, opt for beachy waves with a slightly tousled texture. Use a texturizing spray or sea salt spray to achieve this effortless look. Romantic waves pair well with a variety of dress styles, from flowy bohemian gowns to elegant cocktail dresses. Consider adding delicate hair accessories, such as a floral crown or jeweled headband, to enhance the romantic feel. This hairstyle is versatile and can be adapted to suit different hair types and lengths, making it a universally flattering option. Remember to use heat protectant spray before styling your hair with heat to prevent damage and maintain its health. Romantic waves are a timeless and beautiful choice for any engagement event, allowing you to feel confident and radiant as you celebrate your love.

3. Braided Crown: Bohemian Chic

A braided crown is a stunning and unique hairstyle that perfectly embodies bohemian chic, making it an ideal choice for the bride-to-be who wants a touch of whimsy and romance for her engagement events. This hairstyle involves creating a braid that encircles the head, resembling a crown, and can be customized to suit various hair types and lengths. For a classic braided crown, create two braids on either side of your head and then pin them across the top, securing them with bobby pins. You can also opt for a single, thicker braid that wraps around your head for a more dramatic effect. To add texture and volume, consider pulling out small strands of hair from the braid to create a softer, more undone look. A braided crown pairs beautifully with flowing dresses, floral prints, and natural makeup, perfectly capturing the bohemian aesthetic. Consider incorporating fresh flowers or delicate hair accessories into the braid to enhance its beauty and create a personalized touch. This hairstyle is versatile and can be adapted to suit different hair types and lengths, making it a universally flattering option. For shorter hair, you can use extensions to create the necessary length for the braid. Remember to use hairspray to keep the braid in place throughout the day or evening, ensuring a polished and flawless look. A braided crown is a unique and eye-catching hairstyle that will make you feel like a true bohemian queen as you celebrate your engagement. It's a beautiful and romantic choice that perfectly captures the spirit of this special time in your life.

4. High Ponytail: Modern and Sleek

A high ponytail is a modern and sleek hairstyle that offers a chic and sophisticated look for the bride-to-be who wants to make a statement at her engagement events. This hairstyle is surprisingly versatile and can be adapted to suit various hair types and lengths, making it a universally flattering option. For a classic high ponytail, gather your hair at the crown of your head and secure it with an elastic band. To add volume and texture, consider teasing your hair at the roots before pulling it into the ponytail. You can also wrap a strand of hair around the elastic band to conceal it and create a more polished look. A high ponytail pairs well with a variety of dress styles, from sleek and minimalist designs to bold and dramatic gowns. Consider adding statement earrings or a bold lip color to complete the look. For a more playful and youthful vibe, opt for a textured high ponytail with loose strands framing the face. This hairstyle is perfect for showcasing your facial features and creating a confident and modern look. Remember to use hairspray to keep the ponytail in place throughout the day or evening, ensuring a polished and flawless appearance. A high ponytail is a stylish and sophisticated choice for any engagement event, allowing you to feel confident and radiant as you celebrate your love. It's a versatile and easy-to-achieve hairstyle that will make you feel like a modern-day princess.

5. Half-Up Half-Down: The Best of Both Worlds

The half-up half-down hairstyle offers the best of both worlds, combining the elegance of an updo with the effortless beauty of flowing hair, making it a perfect choice for engagement celebrations. This versatile hairstyle is flattering on a variety of hair types and lengths, providing a soft and romantic look. To create a classic half-up half-down style, gather the top section of your hair and secure it with bobby pins or a decorative clip. You can also braid the top section of your hair before securing it for a more intricate look. For a more relaxed and bohemian vibe, opt for a messy half-up half-down style with loose strands framing the face. Consider adding soft waves or curls to the bottom section of your hair for added texture and volume. This hairstyle pairs well with a variety of dress styles, from flowy bohemian gowns to elegant cocktail dresses. Consider adding delicate hair accessories, such as a floral crown or jeweled headband, to enhance the romantic feel. The half-up half-down style is versatile and can be adapted to suit different hair types and lengths, making it a universally flattering option. Remember to use hairspray to keep the style in place throughout the day or evening, ensuring a polished and flawless appearance. This hairstyle is a timeless and beautiful choice for any engagement event, allowing you to feel confident and radiant as you celebrate your love. It offers a perfect balance of sophistication and ease, making it ideal for a bride-to-be.

6. Low Bun: Understated Sophistication

A low bun is an epitome of understated sophistication, offering a timeless and elegant look that is perfect for a bride-to-be's engagement celebrations. This versatile hairstyle can be dressed up or down, making it suitable for both formal parties and casual gatherings. To create a classic low bun, gather your hair at the nape of your neck and twist it into a bun, securing it with bobby pins. You can also use a hair tie to create a more structured bun. For a more relaxed and romantic feel, opt for a messy low bun with loose strands framing the face. Consider adding delicate hair accessories, such as pearl pins or a jeweled comb, to elevate the bun and add a touch of sparkle. A low bun pairs well with a variety of dress styles, from classic and elegant gowns to modern and minimalist designs. This hairstyle is perfect for showcasing your facial features and creating a polished and refined look. Remember to use hairspray to keep the bun in place throughout the day or evening, ensuring a flawless appearance. A well-executed low bun is a testament to timeless beauty, making it a perfect choice for celebrating your engagement. Feel free to experiment with different textures and placements to find the bun that best complements your features and style. This hairstyle offers a blend of sophistication and ease, allowing you to feel confident and radiant as you embark on this exciting chapter.

7. French Braid Updo: Intricate and Elegant

A French braid updo is an intricate and elegant hairstyle that exudes sophistication and charm, making it a stunning choice for a bride-to-be's engagement celebrations. This hairstyle combines the beauty of a French braid with the elegance of an updo, creating a truly captivating look. To create a French braid updo, start by French braiding your hair from the nape of your neck upwards, towards the crown of your head. Once you reach the crown, continue braiding your hair into a regular braid and then twist it into a bun, securing it with bobby pins. You can also create multiple French braids and then weave them together into a more intricate updo. For a more romantic and whimsical feel, consider adding loose strands of hair around your face. This hairstyle pairs well with a variety of dress styles, from elegant ballgowns to romantic lace dresses. Consider adding delicate hair accessories, such as flower pins or jeweled combs, to enhance the beauty of the updo. The French braid updo is a versatile hairstyle that can be adapted to suit different hair types and lengths. Remember to use hairspray to keep the updo in place throughout the day or evening, ensuring a flawless appearance. A French braid updo is a truly breathtaking hairstyle that will make you feel like a princess as you celebrate your engagement. It's a perfect choice for the bride-to-be who wants to make a lasting impression.

8. Side Swept Hairstyle: Glamorous and Chic

A side-swept hairstyle is a glamorous and chic option that adds a touch of sophistication to any engagement celebration, making it a perfect choice for the modern bride-to-be. This hairstyle involves sweeping your hair to one side, creating a dramatic and eye-catching look. To create a side-swept hairstyle, start by creating a deep side part and then sweeping your hair to the opposite side. You can secure your hair with bobby pins or a decorative clip to keep it in place. For added volume and texture, consider curling your hair into loose waves or adding a texturizing spray. A side-swept hairstyle pairs well with a variety of dress styles, from sleek and minimalist designs to bold and glamorous gowns. Consider adding statement earrings or a bold lip color to complete the look. This hairstyle is perfect for showcasing your facial features and creating a confident and stylish appearance. Remember to use hairspray to keep the hairstyle in place throughout the day or evening, ensuring a flawless look. A side-swept hairstyle is a timeless and glamorous choice that will make you feel like a star as you celebrate your engagement. It's a versatile and easy-to-achieve hairstyle that will make you feel confident and radiant. Feel free to experiment with different textures and styles to find the side-swept look that best complements your features and personality.

9. Waterfall Braid: Romantic and Flowing

A waterfall braid is a romantic and flowing hairstyle that adds a touch of whimsy and elegance to any engagement celebration, making it a beautiful choice for the bride-to-be. This hairstyle involves creating a braid that appears to cascade down your hair like a waterfall, creating a stunning and eye-catching effect. To create a waterfall braid, start by creating a French braid along the side of your head. As you braid, drop the bottom strand of the braid and pick up a new strand from below, creating the waterfall effect. Continue braiding until you reach the other side of your head and then secure the braid with a bobby pin. For a more romantic and whimsical feel, consider adding loose curls to the ends of your hair. This hairstyle pairs well with a variety of dress styles, from flowing bohemian gowns to elegant lace dresses. Consider adding delicate hair accessories, such as flower pins or jeweled combs, to enhance the beauty of the braid. The waterfall braid is a versatile hairstyle that can be adapted to suit different hair types and lengths. Remember to use hairspray to keep the braid in place throughout the day or evening, ensuring a flawless appearance. A waterfall braid is a truly enchanting hairstyle that will make you feel like a fairytale princess as you celebrate your engagement. It's a perfect choice for the bride-to-be who wants to embrace her inner romantic.

10. Accessorized Updo: Personalized Glamour

An accessorized updo allows you to add a touch of personalized glamour to your engagement hairstyle, making it a unique and memorable choice for your celebrations. This hairstyle involves creating an updo and then adding hair accessories to enhance its beauty and reflect your personal style. You can choose from a wide variety of hair accessories, such as pearl pins, jeweled combs, floral crowns, headbands, and ribbons. To create an accessorized updo, start by creating your desired updo, such as a chignon, a low bun, or a French braid updo. Then, carefully place your chosen hair accessories throughout the updo, ensuring that they are securely fastened. For a more subtle and elegant look, choose delicate hair accessories in neutral colors. For a more bold and glamorous look, choose statement hair accessories in vibrant colors or with sparkling details. An accessorized updo pairs well with a variety of dress styles, from classic and elegant gowns to modern and minimalist designs. Consider adding matching jewelry to complete the look. This hairstyle is a perfect way to express your personality and create a truly unique and memorable engagement look. Remember to use hairspray to keep the updo and accessories in place throughout the day or evening, ensuring a flawless appearance. An accessorized updo is a truly stunning hairstyle that will make you feel confident and radiant as you celebrate your engagement. It's a perfect way to add a touch of personal flair to your special day.

11. Sleek and Straight: Modern Simplicity

Sleek and straight hair offers a modern simplicity that can be a stunning choice for a bride-to-be's engagement celebrations, especially for those who prefer a minimalist and chic aesthetic. This hairstyle focuses on showcasing the hair's natural shine and texture, creating a polished and sophisticated look. To achieve sleek and straight hair, start by washing and conditioning your hair with smoothing products. Then, apply a heat protectant spray to protect your hair from damage. Use a flat iron to straighten your hair in small sections, ensuring that each section is smooth and straight. For added shine, apply a hair serum or oil to your hair after straightening. You can also create a deep side part or a center part, depending on your preference. Sleek and straight hair pairs well with a variety of dress styles, from modern and minimalist designs to bold and dramatic gowns. Consider adding statement earrings or a bold lip color to complete the look. This hairstyle is perfect for showcasing your facial features and creating a confident and stylish appearance. Remember to use hairspray to keep your hair sleek and straight throughout the day or evening, ensuring a flawless look. Sleek and straight hair is a timeless and elegant choice that will make you feel confident and radiant as you celebrate your engagement. It's a versatile and easy-to-achieve hairstyle that can be dressed up or down to suit any occasion.

12. Textured Lob: Chic and Trendy

A textured lob, a long bob, is a chic and trendy hairstyle that's a fantastic option for the modern bride-to-be who wants a stylish and manageable look for her engagement celebrations. This hairstyle offers a perfect balance of sophistication and ease, making it ideal for both formal events and casual gatherings. To create a textured lob, start by cutting your hair into a lob, which is a long bob that falls just above or below the shoulders. Then, use a curling iron or wand to create loose waves or curls throughout your hair. For added texture, use a texturizing spray or sea salt spray to create a tousled and undone look. You can also create a deep side part or a center part, depending on your preference. A textured lob pairs well with a variety of dress styles, from flowy bohemian gowns to elegant cocktail dresses. Consider adding delicate hair accessories, such as a floral crown or jeweled headband, to enhance the romantic feel. This hairstyle is versatile and can be adapted to suit different hair types and textures. Remember to use heat protectant spray before styling your hair with heat to prevent damage and maintain its health. A textured lob is a stylish and modern choice that will make you feel confident and radiant as you celebrate your engagement. It's a versatile and easy-to-style hairstyle that will keep you looking chic and trendy.

13. Voluminous Curls: Bouncy and Glamorous

Voluminous curls offer a bouncy and glamorous look that's perfect for the bride-to-be who wants to make a statement at her engagement celebrations. This hairstyle exudes confidence and sophistication, making it an ideal choice for both formal parties and special events. To create voluminous curls, start by using a volumizing shampoo and conditioner to add body to your hair. Then, apply a heat protectant spray and use a curling iron or hot rollers to create tight curls throughout your hair. Once your hair is curled, gently brush out the curls to create a softer and more voluminous look. For added volume, tease your hair at the roots and use hairspray to hold the curls in place. Voluminous curls pair well with a variety of dress styles, from sleek and minimalist designs to bold and glamorous gowns. Consider adding statement earrings or a bold lip color to complete the look. This hairstyle is perfect for showcasing your facial features and creating a dramatic and eye-catching appearance. Remember to use hairspray to keep your curls voluminous and bouncy throughout the day or evening, ensuring a flawless look. Voluminous curls are a timeless and glamorous choice that will make you feel like a star as you celebrate your engagement. It's a versatile and beautiful hairstyle that will turn heads and make you feel confident and radiant.

14. Twisted Updo: Unique and Elegant

A twisted updo provides a unique and elegant hairstyle option for a bride-to-be's engagement celebrations, offering a sophisticated and eye-catching alternative to traditional updos. This hairstyle involves twisting sections of hair and securing them to create a beautiful and intricate updo. To create a twisted updo, start by dividing your hair into several sections. Then, twist each section of hair and secure it to the head with bobby pins. You can create different variations of the twisted updo, such as a low twisted bun or a high twisted updo. For a more romantic and whimsical feel, consider adding loose strands of hair around your face. This hairstyle pairs well with a variety of dress styles, from elegant ballgowns to romantic lace dresses. Consider adding delicate hair accessories, such as flower pins or jeweled combs, to enhance the beauty of the updo. The twisted updo is a versatile hairstyle that can be adapted to suit different hair types and lengths. Remember to use hairspray to keep the updo in place throughout the day or evening, ensuring a flawless appearance. A twisted updo is a truly unique and elegant hairstyle that will make you feel like a princess as you celebrate your engagement. It's a perfect choice for the bride-to-be who wants to stand out from the crowd.

15. Braided Headband: Sweet and Simple

A braided headband offers a sweet and simple hairstyle option that's perfect for the bride-to-be who wants a relaxed and effortless look for her engagement celebrations. This hairstyle involves creating a braid that sits across the forehead, resembling a headband, adding a touch of bohemian charm to your overall look. To create a braided headband, start by creating a braid along your hairline, starting from one side of your head and ending on the other side. You can create a regular braid, a French braid, or a Dutch braid, depending on your preference. Secure the braid with bobby pins to keep it in place. For a more romantic and whimsical feel, consider adding loose strands of hair around your face. This hairstyle pairs well with a variety of dress styles, from flowy bohemian gowns to simple and elegant dresses. Consider adding delicate hair accessories, such as flower pins or jeweled combs, to enhance the beauty of the braid. The braided headband is a versatile hairstyle that can be adapted to suit different hair types and lengths. Remember to use hairspray to keep the braid in place throughout the day or evening, ensuring a flawless appearance. A braided headband is a truly sweet and simple hairstyle that will make you feel comfortable and confident as you celebrate your engagement. It's a perfect choice for the bride-to-be who wants a relaxed and effortless look.

16. Curly Updo: Textured Elegance

A curly updo presents a textured elegance that's ideal for the bride-to-be with naturally curly hair who wants a sophisticated and stylish look for her engagement celebrations. This hairstyle embraces the natural texture of curly hair, creating a beautiful and voluminous updo. To create a curly updo, start by defining your curls with a curl-defining product. Then, gather your hair into an updo, such as a high bun or a low chignon, securing it with bobby pins. You can leave some curls loose around your face for a more romantic and whimsical feel. For added volume, gently pull out some curls from the updo. A curly updo pairs well with a variety of dress styles, from elegant ballgowns to romantic lace dresses. Consider adding delicate hair accessories, such as flower pins or jeweled combs, to enhance the beauty of the updo. This hairstyle is perfect for showcasing your natural curls and creating a unique and eye-catching appearance. Remember to use hairspray to keep the updo in place throughout the day or evening, ensuring a flawless look. A curly updo is a truly elegant and textured hairstyle that will make you feel confident and radiant as you celebrate your engagement. It's a perfect choice for the bride-to-be who wants to embrace her natural curls.

17. Pixie Cut with Accessories: Edgy and Chic

A pixie cut with accessories offers an edgy and chic hairstyle option for the bride-to-be who wants to make a bold statement at her engagement celebrations. This hairstyle showcases the pixie cut's modern and stylish appeal, enhanced with carefully chosen hair accessories. To style a pixie cut with accessories, start by styling your pixie cut with your favorite products. Then, add hair accessories, such as headbands, hair clips, or jeweled pins, to enhance the pixie cut's beauty and reflect your personal style. You can choose from a wide variety of hair accessories, depending on your preference. For a more subtle and elegant look, choose delicate hair accessories in neutral colors. For a more bold and glamorous look, choose statement hair accessories in vibrant colors or with sparkling details. A pixie cut with accessories pairs well with a variety of dress styles, from modern and minimalist designs to bold and glamorous gowns. Consider adding statement earrings or a bold lip color to complete the look. This hairstyle is perfect for showcasing your facial features and creating a confident and stylish appearance. Remember to use hairspray to keep your hair and accessories in place throughout the day or evening, ensuring a flawless look. A pixie cut with accessories is a truly edgy and chic hairstyle that will make you feel confident and radiant as you celebrate your engagement. It's a perfect way to express your personality and create a memorable look.

18. Long Braid: Simple and Elegant

A long braid is a simple and elegant hairstyle that's perfect for the bride-to-be who wants a classic and timeless look for her engagement celebrations. This hairstyle showcases the beauty of long hair, creating a flowing and graceful appearance. To create a long braid, start by brushing your hair to remove any tangles. Then, divide your hair into three sections and braid it all the way down. You can create a regular braid, a French braid, or a Dutch braid, depending on your preference. Secure the braid with an elastic band. For a more romantic and whimsical feel, consider adding loose strands of hair around your face. This hairstyle pairs well with a variety of dress styles, from flowy bohemian gowns to simple and elegant dresses. Consider adding delicate hair accessories, such as flower pins or jeweled combs, to enhance the beauty of the braid. The long braid is a versatile hairstyle that can be adapted to suit different hair types and lengths. Remember to use hairspray to keep the braid in place throughout the day or evening, ensuring a flawless appearance. A long braid is a truly simple and elegant hairstyle that will make you feel comfortable and confident as you celebrate your engagement. It's a perfect choice for the bride-to-be who wants a classic and timeless look.

19. Space Buns: Fun and Playful

Space buns offer a fun and playful hairstyle option that's perfect for the bride-to-be who wants a unique and youthful look for her engagement celebrations. This hairstyle involves creating two buns on top of the head, resembling space buns, adding a touch of whimsy and personality to your overall appearance. To create space buns, start by dividing your hair into two sections. Then, twist each section of hair into a bun and secure it with bobby pins. You can create high space buns or low space buns, depending on your preference. For a more playful and whimsical feel, consider adding glitter or colorful hair accessories to the buns. This hairstyle pairs well with a variety of dress styles, from casual and fun dresses to more edgy and modern designs. Consider adding bold makeup or statement jewelry to complete the look. The space buns hairstyle is a versatile option that can be adapted to suit different hair types and lengths. Remember to use hairspray to keep the buns in place throughout the day or evening, ensuring a flawless appearance. Space buns are a truly fun and playful hairstyle that will make you feel confident and youthful as you celebrate your engagement. It's a perfect choice for the bride-to-be who wants to express her personality and have some fun.

20. Faux Bob: Short Hair Illusion

A faux bob gives the illusion of having short hair without actually cutting your hair, and this is perfect for the bride-to-be who wants to try a shorter style for her engagement celebrations without the commitment. This hairstyle creates a chic and sophisticated look, allowing you to experiment with a different length without making a permanent change. To create a faux bob, start by curling your hair into loose waves or curls. Then, tuck the ends of your hair underneath, creating the illusion of a bob. You can secure the ends of your hair with bobby pins to keep them in place. For a more polished and refined look, smooth out the top section of your hair. This hairstyle pairs well with a variety of dress styles, from elegant cocktail dresses to modern and minimalist designs. Consider adding statement earrings or a bold lip color to complete the look. The faux bob is a versatile hairstyle that can be adapted to suit different hair types and lengths. Remember to use hairspray to keep the faux bob in place throughout the day or evening, ensuring a flawless appearance. A faux bob is a truly chic and sophisticated hairstyle that will make you feel confident and stylish as you celebrate your engagement. It's a perfect choice for the bride-to-be who wants to experiment with a shorter style without making a permanent commitment.

21. Braids with Ribbons: Delicate and Whimsical

Braids with ribbons offer a delicate and whimsical hairstyle choice, perfect for the bride-to-be seeking a romantic and charming look for her engagement celebrations. This hairstyle combines the beauty of braids with the soft touch of ribbons, creating an ethereal and captivating effect. To create braids with ribbons, start by braiding your hair into your desired braid style, such as a regular braid, a French braid, or a Dutch braid. As you braid, incorporate ribbons into the braid, weaving them in and out of the strands. You can use different colors and textures of ribbons to create a personalized and unique look. For a more romantic and whimsical feel, consider adding loose strands of hair around your face. This hairstyle pairs well with a variety of dress styles, from flowy bohemian gowns to elegant lace dresses. Consider adding delicate hair accessories, such as flower pins or jeweled combs, to enhance the beauty of the braid. Braids with ribbons are versatile and can be adapted to suit different hair types and lengths. Remember to use hairspray to keep the braid and ribbons in place throughout the day or evening, ensuring a flawless appearance. This hairstyle is delicate and whimsical, making you feel like a fairytale princess as you celebrate your engagement. This look is perfect for the bride-to-be who loves romance and charm.